The English Cocker Spaniel is the “merry cocker,” a dog of unbridled optimism and enthusiasm. In most of the world, he is simply known as the “Cocker Spaniel,” while his American cousin is the distinct “American Cocker Spaniel.” He is a sturdy, compact hunting dog who is bigger, taller, and more active than the American variety. But he is not just a worker; he is a beloved family pet known for his soft, melting expression and a tail that never, ever stops wagging. He is a “Velcro” dog who believes his place is by your side (or on your lap) at all times.

History and Origin: The Woodcock Hunter

Spaniels are one of the oldest types of dogs, with references dating back to the 14th century. Originally, spaniels were not divided by breed but by size and function. The larger land spaniels were “springers” (who sprang game), and the smaller ones were “cocking spaniels,” specializing in hunting woodcock in dense cover. The English Cocker was developed in England to be a tireless worker. He needed to be small enough to penetrate thick brambles but tough enough to retrieve a pheasant. For a long time, English and American Cockers were interbred. But as the American type became smaller and more stylized for the show ring, traditionalists fought to preserve the original working type. In 1946, the AKC finally recognized the English Cocker Spaniel as a separate breed.

Physical Characteristics

The English Cocker is a dog of balance and substance. He is built for endurance.

• Height: Males 16-17 inches (41-43 cm); Females 15-16 inches (38-41 cm).
• Weight: Males 28-34 pounds (13-15 kg); Females 26-32 pounds (12-15 kg).

Distinctive Features

• Head: The head is strong and chiseled, but not as domed as the American Cocker. It has a noble, intelligent look.
• Coat: The coat is silky and flat or slightly wavy. It is not as profuse as the American Cocker’s coat. There is feathering on the ears, legs, and belly, but it should not interfere with work.
• Colors: The breed comes in a stunning array of colors.
  • Solid: Black, liver, or red.
  • Parti-color: Blue roan, orange roan, liver roan, and black and white are common. The “roan” pattern (a fine mixture of colored and white hairs) is a breed trademark.
• Ears: Long, lobular, and set low. They are covered in silky hair.
• Tail: Traditionally docked, but natural tails are carried horizontally and are constantly in motion.

Temperament and Personality: The Merry Cocker

The breed standard actually describes the temperament as “merry.”

The Optimist

He is a happy dog. He wakes up happy, he eats happy, and he goes to sleep happy. His tail is a blur of motion. This joy is infectious.

The Devoted Friend

He forms a deep, intense bond with his family. He is affectionate and loves to cuddle. He is generally excellent with children and other pets.

The Worker

He is still a hunting dog. He loves to sniff, chase birds, and retrieve.

Training and Exercise Needs

Exercise

The English Cocker is an active sporting dog.

• Daily: He needs a long, brisk walk or a run in the park every day. He loves to play fetch.
• Mental: He enjoys dog sports like agility, tracking, and obedience.

Training

He is eager to please and intelligent.

• Sensitivity: He is a “soft” dog. He does not respond well to harsh corrections. A sharp tone of voice is usually punishment enough.
• Food: He is very food motivated.

Health and Lifespan

English Cockers are generally healthy, living 12 to 14 years.

• Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA): A genetic eye condition. Responsible breeders test for this.
• Familial Nephropathy (FN): A fatal kidney disease. A DNA test is available.
• Hip Dysplasia: Can occur.
• Ear Infections: The heavy, hanging ears trap moisture. Regular cleaning is mandatory.

Grooming and Care

The coat requires regular attention but is less work than the American Cocker.

• Brushing: Brush 2-3 times a week to prevent mats, especially behind the ears and in the feathering.
• Trimming: He needs to be trimmed every 6-8 weeks to look his best.
• Ears: Check them weekly.

Is an English Cocker Spaniel Right for You?

Yes, if:

• You want a medium-sized dog with a huge heart.
• You are an active person who enjoys the outdoors.
• You want a dog that is friendly with everyone.
• You don’t mind some grooming.

No, if:

• You want a guard dog (he will lick the burglar).
• You leave the dog alone for long periods (separation anxiety).
• You want a “tough” dog.

For those who want a merry, loving, and beautiful companion, the English Cocker Spaniel is the perfect choice. He is the original, and to many, he is the best.