The Old English Sheepdog (OES) is a dog you don’t just see; you experience. With a coat that covers their eyes, a bark that sounds like two pots banging together, and a rear end that is often higher than their shoulders, they are the clowns of the canine world.

Often called the “Bobtail” because they were historically docked, the OES is a large, athletic herding dog that moves with a unique, bear-like shuffle. But don’t let the shaggy hair and goofy antics fool you. Underneath that fluff is a muscular, agile drover dog capable of driving cattle for miles.

Famous as the mascot for Dulux paint and the dog of Paul McCartney (Martha, famously celebrated in the Beatles song “Martha My Dear”), the Old English Sheepdog is a high-maintenance but high-reward companion. They are affectionate, protective, and brimming with a bubbly energy that can fill any home.

History and Origin: The Drover’s Dog

Despite the name, the Old English Sheepdog isn’t actually that “old” compared to ancient breeds, nor is it strictly a “sheepdog.” Developed in the west of England (Devon, Somerset) in the early 19th century, they were primarily used as drovers.

Their job was to drive cattle and sheep from the farm to the city markets. This required a dog that was tough, intelligent, and protective enough to guard the herd from wolves and thieves along the road.

To mark them as working dogs (and thus exempt from luxury dog taxes), their tails were docked. This led to the nickname “Bobtail,” which sticks to this day. In modern times, docking is illegal in many countries, so you will often see OES with full, feathered tails that act as a rudder when they turn.

Physical Characteristics

The OES is a large, square dog. They are profuse—meaning there is a lot of dog and a lot of hair.

• Height: Males 22+ inches; females 21+ inches.
• Weight: 60 to 100 pounds.

The Coat

This is the breed’s defining feature. It is a double coat with a textured outer layer and a soft, waterproof undercoat.

• Color: Grey, grizzle, blue, or blue merle, usually with white markings.
• Puppies: Are born black and white! The grey color “clears” as they mature.

The “Bear-Like” Roll

When they trot, they have a unique gait. Their rear end often rises higher than their shoulders, and they roll from side to side. It looks inefficient, but it allows them to cover ground tirelessly.

Temperament: The Bubbly Clown

The breed standard describes the OES temperament as “adaptable.” They are happy-go-lucky dogs who take life as it comes.

The “Velcro” Herder

Like many herding breeds, they want to be with their flock (you). They will follow you from room to room. They may also try to herd your children or other pets by gently bumping them.

Protective Watchdogs

While they are friendly, they are protective. Their bark is distinctive—a low-pitched, resonant “pot-casse” (broken pot) sound. They will alert you to strangers but are rarely aggressive without cause.

Good with Children

They are famous for being gentle with kids. However, their size and enthusiasm mean they can accidentally knock over small toddlers. They are best suited for families with slightly older children who can handle a 90-pound fluffy projectile.

Energy Level and Exercise

Do not mistake them for lazy rugs. They are athletic working dogs.

• Daily Exercise: They need at least 60 minutes of exercise. A long walk or a romp in the yard is essential.
• Mental Stimulation: They are smart and can get bored. Obedience training, herding trials, or agility are great outlets.
• The “Switch”: Unlike Border Collies who are “on” 24/7, an OES has a good “off switch.” Once exercised, they are happy to lounge on the sofa (and take up the whole thing).

Grooming: A Lifestyle Choice

Owning an Old English Sheepdog is a part-time job.

• Brushing: You must brush them down to the skin at least 3-4 hours a week. If you don’t, the undercoat will mat into a painful felt that has to be shaved off. “Line brushing” (parting the hair and brushing layer by layer) is the only way to do it.
• The “Sammy” Cut: Many pet owners opt to keep their OES in a “puppy cut” or shave them down. This ruins the classic look but makes life much easier.
• Cleanliness: Their beard soaks up water, mud, and food. Their rear end can collect debris (“dingleberries”). You need to be okay with cleaning up after your dog constantly.

Health and Lifespan

Old English Sheepdogs generally live 10 to 12 years.

• Hip Dysplasia: Common in large breeds.
• Eye Issues: Cataracts and PRA.
• Deafness: Can occur, especially in dogs with excessive white on the head.
• Hypothyroidism: Can cause weight gain and coat issues.
• Drug Sensitivity (MDR1): Like Collies, they can be sensitive to certain medications like Ivermectin.

Is an Old English Sheepdog Right for You?

Yes, if:

• You want a large, goofy, affectionate dog with a huge personality.
• You are home often and want a constant companion.
• You enjoy grooming (or can afford regular professional grooming).
• You don’t mind a messy house (mud, hair, wet beards).

No, if:

• You are a “neat freak.”
• You live in a hot climate (their heavy coat puts them at risk of heatstroke).
• You work long hours and leave the dog alone.
• You want a guard dog who looks intimidating (they look like teddy bears).

The Old English Sheepdog is a high-maintenance breed, but the rewards are equally high. Their sense of humor, undying loyalty, and sheer fluffiness make them a unique and cherished member of any family brave enough to take on the grooming.