The Portuguese Water Dog (PWD or “Portie”) is a dog with a job description that sounds like fiction: herding fish into nets, retrieving broken tackle from the ocean, and carrying messages between ships.

For centuries, these rugged, curly-coated dogs were the indispensable partners of Portuguese fishermen. Today, they are best known as fun-loving family companions—and for their most famous representative, Bo Obama, who brought the breed into the global spotlight when he moved into the White House in 2009.

Porties are not just cute, hypoallergenic teddy bears. They are tireless working dogs with webbed feet and a waterproof coat. They are intelligent, demanding, and possessed of a sense of humor that will keep you laughing (and sometimes groaning) for years.

History and Origin: The Fisherman’s Right Hand

Originating in the Algarve region of Portugal, the Cão de Água Português (Portuguese Water Dog) dates back to pre-Christian times. Some theories suggest they share ancestry with the Poodle, as both breeds developed from ancient water dogs.

For generations, they lived on fishing boats. They were taught to:

• Dive underwater to herd fish into nets.
• Retrieve lost gear (hats, ropes, nets) from the sea.
• Carry messages in waterproof canisters from boat to boat or boat to shore.
• Act as foghorns (barking) in heavy mist.

As technology modernized fishing in the 20th century, the breed nearly went extinct. By the 1930s, only a handful remained. A wealthy Portuguese shipping magnate, Vasco Bensaude, launched a breeding program to save them. They arrived in the US in the 1960s but remained rare until the Obama family chose one for their hypoallergenic qualities.

Physical Characteristics

The PWD is a medium-sized, muscular dog built for swimming.

• Height: Males 20-23 inches; females 17-21 inches.
• Weight: Males 42-60 pounds; females 35-50 pounds.

The Coat

They have a single coat of hair (not fur) that grows continuously, much like a Poodle’s. This makes them low-shedding and hypoallergenic.

• Two Coat Types:
  1. Curly: Compact, cylindrical curls (somewhat like a Poodle).
  2. Wavy: Gentle waves with a slight sheen.
• Colors: Black, White, Brown, or combinations of Black/White or Brown/White.

The Cuts

There are two traditional grooming styles:

1. The Lion Cut: The hindquarters and muzzle are shaved, leaving a mane on the chest and a tuft on the tail. This was functional—keeping the vital organs warm while allowing freedom of movement for the back legs while swimming.
2. The Retriever Cut: The entire coat is clipped to a uniform length (about 1 inch). This is the popular “puppy cut” for pets.

Temperament: Spirited and Smart

The Portie is often described as “impetuous”. They are enthusiastic about life.

The “Velcro” Worker

They bond deeply with their people. They want to be involved in whatever you are doing. If you are cooking, they are supervising. If you are working, they are under your desk.

Intelligent and Manipulative

They are extremely smart and can be manipulative. If they want a treat, they will figure out exactly what behavior gets it. They are known for “counter surfing” and opening cabinets.

Mouthy

As retrievers, they interact with the world through their mouths. They love to carry things—toys, socks, your arm. Nipping can be an issue in puppyhood and must be redirected.

Energy Level and Exercise

Do not be fooled by their cute looks; these are high-energy athletes.

• Daily Exercise: They need at least 60 minutes of vigorous activity. A walk is just a warm-up. They need to run.
• Swimming: Unsurprisingly, they love water. If you have a pool or live near a lake, you will have a happy Portie.
• Mental Work: They get bored easily. Agility, obedience, and water trials are excellent outlets for their brainpower.

Training: Firm but Fair

Porties are eager to please but can be stubborn.

1. Consistency: They will test boundaries. If you let them on the couch once, they own the couch forever.
2. Positive Reinforcement: They are sensitive dogs. Harsh corrections will make them sullen.
3. Socialization: They can be suspicious of strangers if not socialized early. They generally get along well with other dogs but can be bossy.

Health and Lifespan

Portuguese Water Dogs generally live 11 to 13 years.

• GM1 Gangliosidosis: A fatal genetic storage disease.
• Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA): Can cause blindness.
• Juvenile Dilated Cardiomyopathy: A heart condition found in puppies.
• Hip Dysplasia: Common in active breeds.
• Hair Loss: Some PWDs suffer from follicular dysplasia (pattern baldness).

Note: Responsible breeders test for GM1, PRA, and hips. Always verify health clearances.

Grooming: High Maintenance

That non-shedding coat comes at a price.

• Brushing: You must brush them 2-3 times a week to prevent matting.
• Clipping: They require professional grooming every 6 to 8 weeks.
• Ear Care: Their drop ears trap moisture and hair grows inside the ear canal. Regular plucking/cleaning is mandatory to prevent infections.

Is a Portuguese Water Dog Right for You?

Yes, if:

• You are an active person who runs, swims, or hikes.
• You want a smart, trainable dog for dog sports.
• You need a hypoallergenic breed.
• You work from home and want a co-worker.

No, if:

• You work long hours and leave the dog alone (destructive boredom).
• You want a calm “couch potato.”
• You are not prepared for high grooming costs.
• You want a dog that is happy to just sit in the backyard.

The Portuguese Water Dog is a dynamic, fun, and loving companion. They require a lot of time and energy, but they give it back tenfold in loyalty and laughter. If you can keep up with them, they are one of the best family dogs on land or sea.